Saturday, December 28, 2019

Wedding Is A Cultural Manifestation Of Marriage - 1669 Words

Weddings are a cultural manifestation of marriage. Lebanese marriages are directly related to their religious sectors and geographical placements. For example, a Christian Catholic couple will get married in a Catholic church and a Muslim-Sunni couple will get married at the Sunni Islamic court. In this article, I will elucidate the basic rituals of the traditional Lebanese Islamic wedding in Beirut. Then, I will expose socio-cultural burdens in this event within the Durkheimian sociology and Evolutionism. I will conclude by highlighting the simple version of an Islamic marriage. A traditional Lebanese wedding in the capital city Beirut has a luxurious signature. Most of the Beiruti families tend to engage in complex marriage ceremonies.†¦show more content†¦Those rituals are long-standing traditions to enhance the union between the two families. Kateb Kitab is the legal marriage contract conducted in the Islamic court. It is completed in the presence of the sheikh (Islamic judge), two witnesses, the bride, and the groom. Before going to the Islamic court, the two families will meet to confirm the conditions of the marriage contract. It is essential to abide by the Islamic law (sharia) where the groom provides culturally listed expensive presents to the bride called â€Å"Mahr†. Mahr is composed of two large parts. The first part should be given before the actual legal marriage. This money is for the bride to buy outfits, jewelry, and ornaments. The second part is usually weighted in 8g gold lira coins. This is a debt on the husband to repay during his marriage. Sometimes the amount can reach up to 500 golden lira coins. A large amount of money from the Mahr increases the value of the bride. It’s socially acknowledged that paying the Mahr will be a huge investment for the groom. This will make him think twice be fore divorcing the bride. After the settlement is approved between the two parties, the written marriage contract is signed. They become legally and spiritually bound as husband and wife. This step is a critical point in the marriage. The family of the groom will try to abide by the contract to preserve their social status within the Beirut Society. The Beirutis will look down upon the family of theShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1371 Words   |  6 Pagesin which it takes place. Finally, you can even learn from the events taking place within the novels. Stories I have read this semester includes â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez will show racism, international racism, and cultural traditions that I have learned about. The conviction and idea of respect in the Columbian culture introduced in Chronicle of a â€Å"Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is among the choosing parts of the charac ter s convictions and activitiesRead More freeaw Not Ready for Freedom in Kate Chopins The Awakening904 Words   |  4 Pageson the time this story was written---the choices available to women in 1899 (the year The Awakening was printed) were extremely limited, and Edna Pontellier, all things considered, actually made a good life for herself, on the surface by making a marriage with Leonce. The material trappings in life that Leonce provided were comfortable, extravagant, actually, and the luxurious life of servants (quadroons), and more than one home appeared to be a life of perfection. Buried within the text are aRead MoreHow Gender Roles ( The Way A Person Acts Based On Their Sex2661 Words   |  11 Pagesperson this knowledge becomes the building blocks of the behaviors in which an individual acts upons. Throughout this paper, I will explain how gender roles ( the way a person acts based on their sex), cultural representations (views based on race) and social practices (such as dating and marriage) serve as guidance to the development of an individual’s behaviors but do not define a persons identity. Early in history and still today a societal norm is this idea of dating; a human mating processRead MoreEssay on Indian Culture1467 Words   |  6 Pages and Sakta, which focus on the Goddess Devi. Although many Hindus chose this path, there is certainly great diversity within the religion. They are also very flexibile, â€Å"many Hindus such as those of Smarta tradition are free to accept various manifestations of the divine as their chosen deity for worship.† With many options in Hinduism, there are the universal beliefs of Brahman, â€Å"in the Trimurti system, Brahma is the creator, Vishnu is the maintainer or preserver, and Shiva is the destroyer or transformer†Read More Compare and Contrast Kami and Shen, the Japanese and Chinese Words for God1721 Words   |  7 Pages shen in this sense represents the beings opposite of the gui (demons) like those represented in Spellbinding. shen in this sense is closely associated with yang and the goodness of the world. In fact, shen are manifestations of the yang material force, and ghosts are manifestations of the yin material force (Teiser 326). When Chinese were faced with unexplainable events, the often blamed them on shen spirits or gui ghosts, depending on whether they were good or bad. Obviously, no one ever actuallyRead MoreWomen s Patriarchal Oppression By Kate Chopin Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves. John is a textbook example of a dominating husband, a husband who holds absolute control over his wife. He treats her as someone would treat someone in a lower class, as seen here: â€Å"John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage† (Gilman, 766). John sees his wife’s ideas and thoughts as laughable, never taking them seriously until it is too late to save her from madness. It is also clear from this statement that John laughs at his wife because it is what is expected by societyRead MoreA Feminist Criticism of Dickens Great Expectations Essay1502 Wo rds   |  7 Pagescritical concepts like theme, motif and characterisation...has a good deal in common with...the liberal humanist approach... (124) While conversely, English feminist criticism [...] tends to be `socialist feminist in orientation, aligned with cultural materialism or Marxism... (124) This contrasts with the French feminist approach, which ...is more overtly theoretical, taking as its starting point the [poststructuralist] insights of...Lacan, Foucault and Derrida...they write about languageRead MoreThe Middle Schoolers1795 Words   |  8 Pagesto confine them physically or prevent their movement, to use them as objects in male transactions, to cramp their creativeness, and to withhold from them large areas of the society’s knowledge and cultural attainments.† She explains each of these powers as powers that convince women that both marriage with and sexual orientation towards men are inevitabilities. These characteristics explained by Rich are key b ecause, much like the constant eye of the hetero-watchtower, tools of power used to keepRead MoreThe Standard Of Living By Dorothy Parker1597 Words   |  7 Pagesgame, Annabel and Midge stop to price the pearls, the very symbol of an upper-class heterosexual housewife, they see in the store window. The association between pearls and marriage are inseparable. One immediately thinks of the excessively heterosexual relationship between Daisy and Tom Buchanan and the $300,000 string of wedding pearls. It is a white-collar collar, indicating ownership and heterosexuality. Even real women in a relationship nearly forty years prior to the publication of this storyRead MoreAnalysis of quot;Blood Weddingquot; Essay3000 Words   |  12 PagesFederico Garcia Lorcas three plays, Blood Wedding, Yerma, and The House of Bernarda Alba share many symbolisms. Lorca (Short Biography) wrote about many subjects and objects that often have an unconscious double meaning. These unconscious symbols are k nown as archetypes, developed by the psychologist, Carl G. Jung. This paper will analyze these symbols using Jungs theory of the archetype. By doing so, the analysis will better explain some of the unconscious meaning and original thoughts behind

Friday, December 20, 2019

Exercise On The Brain How Does Physical Activity Helps...

Exercise on the Brain was printed in the New York Times, December 29, 2015. This article is based on a few researches that shows that physical activity helps our brain and mind to be healthier. It also states that people who are physically active tend to live longer and age slower. According to three of the studies’ results shown in this article the best our physical condition is and the more we exercise the better our brain works. One of the studies showed that old men’s brains that have a good physical condition worked almost like the brain of people younger than them. In fact men of the same age but with bad physical condition have a slower mental activity. The second study was about two groups of old women of the same age. One of the group went to the gym for a year, two times a week, for resistant training. On the other hand the other group went to the gym for one year, but only one day per week for a balance training program. As a result the first group showed less lesions in the brain white matter than the other group. In the third study researchers compared the strength of legs’ muscles in twins to their mental skills. The results of the study showed that the twin with the most powerful legs was the one that have better results when she took a cognitive test 10 years later. Then researchers found that â€Å"the twin with more powerful leg† had â€Å"a brain with more volume and less empty space in the brain† Another point that the article makes is that the people whoShow MoreRelatedOutdoor Activities And Indoor Video Games1342 Words   |  6 PagesOutdoor Activities and Indoor Video Games Remember growing up as a child, after a full day of school or a few house hold chores, the main focus of our day was playing outdoors with neighborhood friends. I would stay outside for hours and hours until the street lights came on, playing almost everything you can think of. From riding a bike, scooter, and skate board, to playing soccer, kickball and baseball. I would get as dirty, sweaty and tired as possible, then head home and maybe watch 30 minutesRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Education1361 Words   |  6 Pageslittle to no importance on physical activity. Their idea of exercise consists of how fast their fingers type. Immediate changes need to be implemented in the education system to avoid serious long-term effects. College physical education courses are designed to promote a healthy lifestyle through education and exercise. The main objective of the education system incorporating physical education into curriculums was to inform and educate students on the importa nce of exercise for health purposes, ( Read MoreExercise : Exercise And Exercise Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWe are all aware that exercise helps you physically. A big portion of us are ignorant to the fact that exercise can help you mentally as well. I say ignorant because well all know that exercise is physically helpful, but are unaware that it also helps us in our everyday thinking. Exercise helps us release stress, which helps us be calm and make wiser decisions without overthinking any situation. Many of us, or if not all of us, have experienced or are experiencing stress of some sort. Instead ofRead MorePhysical Education Should Be Mandatory1388 Words   |  6 Pagesnot have enough time, opportunity and freedom to engage in physical activities. I believe the first way we can solve this issue is by starting in the high schools themselves, as students are able to receive an adequate among of exercise as well as receive guidance from instructors. In our society, physical ed ucation is only mandatory for one year, and I feel if the situation were reversed, fewer kids would be lacking physical exercise and our society of teenagers would be more active. Therefore, I feelRead MoreThe Flavored Of Music And Exercise1668 Words   |  7 PagesConcoction of Music and Exercise Music has a greater impact in our lives than we realize. Music is everywhere we go and is listened to on a daily basis, which affects us in different ways. Music is incorporated into different aspects of living such as a work environment, sports games, while studying, in the car, or while doing exercise. Incorporating music into exercise has been proven to make exercising in any environment more fun, boost one’s mood, increasing motivation, and varying heart rateRead MorePsychological Benefits of Exercise1746 Words   |  7 PagesIntro: Physical activity, in its many forms, has been shown to have many positive affects on the body and mind. The many benefits include: 1) helping to stimulate the mind, 2) increasing feelings of well being, 3) reducing cholesterol, 4) helping to regulate blood pressure, 5) reducing feelings of anxiety, 6) improving quality of life, 7) reducing symptoms of Alzheimers and Rheumatoid Arthritis, and 8) reducing levels of visceral fat which lowers the risk of developing type II diabetes. Many ofRead MoreWe Need Exercise Too Keep The Body System Healthy Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesMost of the time when exercise is being performed it is perceived that it’s because we need to get healthy, or stay healthy. When the word healthy comes to mind the first instinct is to think of the health of the body, to lose weight, tone the muscles, increase strength. Today there is a big focus on exercise for its many benefits that have been found in recent years. Focuses are on weight, diet, and reducing the risk of disease in the future. This is true, we need exercise too keep the body systemsRead MoreSimple Steps to Keeping Your Mind Sharp600 Words   |  3 PagesSimple Steps to Keeping Your Mind Sharp Everyone may experience occasional â€Å"memory loss† but constant occurrences can be alarming. Memory lapses can occur at any age, like unable to recall a familiar name during a conversation or can’t remember what you should be getting in the closet. Getting old is not really a significant factor in memory loss; for some it may be due to organic disorders, neurological problems, or brain injury. The brain is surprisingly adept when it comes to improving memoryRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Exercise Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pagesyour day, you have the opportunity to enhance your health. Having a morning impulse to exercise along with a weekly routine is one of the best investments we can make in ourselves. I completely agree in the great gratification received after exercising; especially knowing the benefits it has over ones mind and body. We should not be oblivious to any programs or recommendations that belittled the need to exercise. An example of this can be the claims made by weight loss products. The partisan endorsementsRead MoreDepression And Exercise : Depress ion1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic that I chose to write about was depression and exercise. I have personal experience with this topic so I have an interest in reading and writing about this topic. This discussion deals with the relationship between exercising and depression. Many people believe that exercising helps with depression and boosts your mood, happiness and overall enjoyment of life. This is important because over 350 million people around the globe suffer from depression, 18 million of those people being in the

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Customer and Relationship Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Customer and Relationship. Answer: Development of the customer relationship is considered to be more important for any of the firms to enhance the effectiveness of their respective business processes. There are a number of the techniques that can be used by the firms to build relationships with their respective customers, these are as follows: Building the companys own network Establishing effective means of communicational techniques Use of the E-mail marketing Rewarding the royal customers In telecommunication sector, the use of the customer support team provides assistance to all its customers by telephonic conversation and by e-mail marketing. On the other hand, in a case of fast food restaurants, the communication systems used by the firms are face to face communication which helps I increasing the effectiveness and reliability of the users to a large extent. There are a few of the advantages of building relationships such as it helps in providing the desired elevation in the execution of the business process of the organization concerned, it helps to get the desired competitive advantage throughout the concerned competitive market segments. The effective means of communication system helps in establishing superior relationships with the customers which finally helps in getting more positive outcomes for the organization (Hemsley, 2011). The desired success of relationship-building activities can be evaluated with the help of getting more positive responses from the customers and by increasing a large number of the customer base (Dibb et al., 2012). The development of the mutual trust with the customers helps in evaluating the desired success for the entire business processes concerned. The different elements of the marketing mix are products, price, place, and promotion which help in enhancing the effectiveness of the relationship building activities. There are different media tools which are effectively used for the promotion of a particular product nowadays. Development of the brand image in front of the customers plays the vital role in increasing the significant growth of the firm. Internet technology and the use of digital media has played the great role in bringing up the profits for the concerned firm (Hollebeek, 2011). The quality of the products and prices should be reasonable and the effective advertisements will help in increasing the growth of the organization. In order to bring out the positive results for any particular organization, most important is to enhance the use of the communication system with the respective stakeholders, shareholders and the customers, as these contributes towards the development of the entire business (Klie, 2014). The customers retain most of the power in enhancing the growth of the particular organization concerned. In order to establish the superior relationship between the customers, stakeholders and the firm, use of the excellent communication system is required. The use of digital media such as social media and the use of internet technology help in enhancing the overall performance of the organization to a large extent. In developing the relationships with the customers if there exist few of the ethical challenges from the stakeholder's side, then those needs to be removed as early as possible. References Dibb S., Simkin L., Pride W., Ferrell O. (2012) Marketing, Concepts and Strategies, Andover: Cengage. Chapters 3 (pp. 90-91) and 7 (pp. 230-2). Hemsley S. (2011) Knowing what is your customers cup of tea, Marketing Week, May 11 [Online], (Accessed 17 November 2013). Hollebeek, L. (2011) Demystifying customer brand engagement: Exploring the loyalty nexus, Journal of Marketing Management, 27, 7/8, 785-807. Klie, L. (2014) 10 Social Customer Service Tips, CRM Magazine, 18, 2, 18-22.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Environment Strategy Structure Operations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environment Strategy Structure Operations. Answer: Introduction Engineering management is an important aspect of company operations that help manage various engineering and construction services. As Chesbrough and Rosenbloom (2002) indicate, business models contribute to the success of the business or failure of the business. One example of a business that largely depends on a diverse business model is Element Engineering Australia. The company has been a key player in mechanical engineering and industrial management services. The following paper explores business model as applied in engineering management of Element Engineering Australia. Element Engineering Australia is a company that designs, analyses and certification of a current design, mechanical and production of a prototypes for customers in Australia and internationally. Element Engineering Australia operates in the industrial sector, particularly mechanical engineering and management services. The market where Element Engineering Australia is a key player formally includes Australian and New Zealand industrial or engineering market but currently Asia-Pacific region and South America (Element Engineering Australia, 2018). The market for Element Engineering Australia has been of both industrial and mechanical engineering management services sector. Through its mechanical services, Element Engineering Australia provides mechanical design services that also comprise of designing, building and maintaining these assets. Some of the products and services include mechanical designing services, wheel chock, marketing of designs, tyre inspection stand, mechanical analysis, rim component stand, tyre assembly stand and certification of a current design (Element Engineering Australia, 2018). Business model canvas of Element Engineering Australia Element Engineering Australia has an interesting business model that basically consists of servitization of products business model. The business model mainly consist of converting products into services that is evidence by wheel chock that is product yet offered as service. It is important to understand the business model based on the nine building blocks as indicated by business model canvas. In order to understand more about the business model and its building blocks each aspect of business are analyzed critically. Firstly, Element Engineering Australia key partners include local or indigenous communities, industrial key players, government agencies, and suppliers. The desire for partnership and collaborations is the key drive that glues together the company with its partners. For instance, the desire diligently serve local community is creating job opportunities for local communities. Secondly, the company has variety of key activities that forms its value proportion and some of these key activities include designing of structures, civil constructions, provision of structural maintenance, and delivery of certification of a current design services, provides outsourced facility services, and provision of mechanical services (Osterwalder, 2004). Element Engineering Australia value most of its activities as nearly all the activities contribute to the business revenue stream. Thirdly, the value proportion of the company is based on inclusivity and support for indigenous communities living in Austra lia through development and sustainability. The company creates employment opportunities for local community and procurement of local goods and services. Moreover, through projects within the local communities, the company stresses on the need to incorporate local community in the companys business model. Fourthly, the company business model offers a unique audience relationship that is fostered by their philosophy for customer satisfaction (Element Engineering Australia, 2018). Integration of audience expectation into the business model is key for success of the business especially those indigenous communities which is key goal of the business. Finally, the audient segment for the Element Engineering Australia includes construction sector, industrial sector, transport sector, and the general public. The most important audience for the company is majorly the community since the community plays an important role in provision of market and labor (Gordijn, 2002). Resource and channel of distribution Element Engineering Australia has many different key resources that range from human resources, raw materials, assets and revenues. Human resources mostly focus on managing employees and staffs that include management and casual laborers within local projects. Raw materials help the company in construction sites and manufacture of various products (Osterwalder, Yves Alan, 2010). Assets include motor vehicles and equipments that facilitate service delivery for many company projects and business. Finally, revenues include money received from projects management services and mechanical design services the company offered with certification of a current design. Secondly, the distribution channel for the business consists of wide network that interconnect key players in the business value chain. The business has both distribution channel for its products and services directly managed by marketing and distribution department. In some cases the project manager directly connects to local pr ojects and sometimes human resource manager play role in connecting with customers for the purpose of providing employment. Purchase department leads the supply channel while accounts section monitor revenue stream and these channels are interconnected (Magretta, 2002). The cost structure for the business model cut across various revenue sources ranging from multimillion-dollar projects to certification of a current design services. One of the most important cost include employees payment given the huge number of employees that the company has. Employees payment is important since the company has good reputation mostly focus on creating employment for locals and equally payment for such staffs. Secondly, Revenue stream for the company is obtained and mainly consist of revenue from sale of products, direct services and indirect services. For the products, Element Engineering Australia has a wide variety of products that are sold through various branches such as revenue from structural analysis, mechanical design services and certification of a current design services (George Bock, 2011). The relationship between nine blocks Nearly all nine building blocks are interrelated with one another and this relationship enables the business to operate and achieve its goals. Key partners are connected to key activities since various partners offers business services through business activities. The value proposition is also connected to key activities since those activities help the business offer value to customers (De, Bouwman Timber, 2013). Value proposition plays role in the audience relationship since core value is linked to the audience through the cost of services. Audience segment, on the other hand, is related to value proposition through the relation the business has with customers. In the next level of the business model key partners is linked with business resources since key partners such as suppliers provide resources such as raw materials that are used for key activities of the business. These key resources also form the basis for the creation of value proposition which is engineering services. Var ious engineering service is offered to customers through distribution channel which as per the model used by Element Engineering Australia is division based. Distribution channel forms the connection for offering mechanical engineering services to audience segment. The overall business model aims to generate revenue without high cost (Burkhart et al, 2011). There are some factors that have to lead to the success of Element Engineering Australia in industrial and mechanical engineering sectors in Australia. Some of these factors include product diversification, good business niche, industrial position and good reputation. Firstly, Element Engineering Australias product diversification has been achieved through venture in many different industrial product design and mechanical engineering sector (Robin, 2008). For instance, Element Engineering Australia has upper hand in structural analysis, mechanical engineering, mechanical design and certification of a current design. Secondly, the industrial position is another success factor that helps the company to sail higher in the mechanical engineering sector of Australia. Element Engineering Australia is a leading industrial company in the engineering, mechanical design and certification sector of Australia and this is evidenced by the ability of the company to grow faster and overall net wort h of the company. Thirdly, the business strategy venture into new business niche has made the business to offer diversified products. For instance, the company offers unique services that has attracted few key players and is promising. The reputation of the company rests on the various unique service lines the company has and its ability to diversify more (Element Engineering Australia, 2018). The downside risk that is most likely to rock the company includes a management structure due to fast growth, over delayed projects and limited investment in mechanical design engineering. Firstly, the management structure is one factor that is most likely contributes to downside risk. Fast growth of the company contributes to organization management challenge and is most likely to contribute to the downside of the organization. Moreover, changes in the management and organizational culture due to incorporation from different services that were not previously part of company services. Collaboration with other companies specifically has very many organization changes that can highly contribute to the downside of Element Engineering Australia (Robin, 2008). Secondly, over delay on project completion leading to high maintenance cost for various structural analysis in construction sites. Tough economic times in Australia and New Zealand have resulted in a delay for many projects. Delays are projecting to contribute to the companys downside in the near future. New Zealand particularly faces an economic challenge since the earthquake that rocks the whole country. Thirdly, low government investment in the infrastructure development that is currently witnessed in Australia is also posing risk to major industrial players. The company faces the risk of limited growth due to a low number of mechanical projects expected in future (Element Engineering Australia, 2018). Changes I would make to the business model There are many different changes that could to be made to the business if it was my business. Firstly, I would introduce the modern and current technology into the business model to assist in the monitoring of various divisions (Peterovic Kittl et al, 2001). There is need to incorporate the information technology into the business to facilitate communication between staffs and customers. Secondly, I would introduce a strong engineering consultancy services as another service to the already available portfolios (Lim, 2010). The importance of consultancy services that the business can offer to customers help deal with the tough economic conditions that are currently rocking the industry. In addition, consultancy services will increase customer relationship hence increasing service delivery to the local community. Finally, focusing on sustainable management practice will also help the business to tackle the current global sustainable calls that affect most of the industries. Sustainabl e business practices also have a role in the society which is currently the primary focus of the company. Business models with sustainable management strive and attract the attention of investors that form part of the normal business environment (Linder Cantrell, 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, Element Engineering Australia remains a key player in industrial, construction and mining sector. The company uses the business model that focuses on local communities through more need to be done to incorporate current modern technologies. There are also some factors that have contributed to the success of the company and other factors are most likely to contribute to its downside risk. In understanding the business model canvas the nine building blocks clearly show interrelationship. Reference Burkhart, T. et al, (2011), Analyzing the Business Model Concept A Comprehensive Classification of Literature, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2011). Paper 12. Chesbrough H. Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002), The Role of the Business Model in capturing value from Innovation: Evidence from XEROX Corporation's Technology Spinoff Companies., Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard Business School. De, R., Bouwman, M.H. Timber H. (2013), Business model roadmapping: A practical approach to come from an existing to the desired business model. International Journal of Innovation Management 17.01 Element Engineering Australia, (2018), About Us, accessible at https://www.elementengineering.com.au/about-us.html Robin, K. (2008), Engineers for the Future. Available at: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/content-files/ACED/engineers_for_the_future.pdf George, G. Bock A.J. (2011), The business model in practice and its implications for entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1): 83-111 Gordijn, J. (2002), Value-based Requirements Engineering - Exploring Innovative e-Commerce Ideas, Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit. Lim, M. (2010), Environment-Strategy-Structure-Operations (ESSO) Business Model. Knowledge Management Module at Bangor University, Wales. Linder, J. Cantrell, S. (2000), Changing Business Models: Surveying the Landscape, Accenture Institute for Strategic Change. Magretta, J. (2002), Why Business Models Matter, Harvard Business Review, May: 86-92. Osterwalder, A. Yves P. Alan S. (2010), Business Model Generation, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, Wiley published. Osterwalder, A. (2004). The Business Model Ontology - A Proposition In A Design Science Approach. The Ph.D. thesis University of Lausanne. Peterovic, O. Kittl, C. et al., (2001), Developing Business Models for eBusiness., International Conference on Electronic Commerce 2001.